Mixture Effects of Bisphenol A and Its Structural Analogs on Estrogen Receptor Transcriptional Activation

Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been widely linked to endocrine-disrupting effects. Recently, many substitutes for BPA have been developed as safe structural analogs. However, they have still been reported to have similar adverse effects. The current study evaluated the effects of bisphenol A and eight structural analogs on the transcription of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). The effects of binary and ternary mixtures prepared from different combinations of BPA analogs were also evaluated for transcription activity. The measured data of the mixtures were compared to the predicted data obtained by the full logistic model, and the model deviation ratio (MDR) was calculated to determine whether the effects were synergistic, antagonistic, or additive. Overall, the results suggest that the effect of bisphenol compound are additive in binary and ternary mixtures.