Advanced battery management system enhancement using IoT and ML for predicting remaining useful life in Li-ion batteries

This study highlights the increasing demand for battery-operated applications, particularly electric vehicles (EVs), necessitating the development of more efficient Battery Management Systems (BMS), particularly lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries used in energy storage systems (ESS). This research addresses some of the key limitations of current BMS technologies, with a focus on accurately predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of batteries, which is a critical factor for ensuring operational efficiency and sustainability. Real-time data are collected from sensors via an Internet of Things (IoT) device and processed using Arduino Nano, which extracts values for input into a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. This model employs the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Li-battery dataset and current, voltage temperature, and cycle values to predict the battery RUL. The proposed model demonstrates significant forecasting precision, attaining a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.01173, outperforming all comparative models. This improvement facilitates more effective decision-making in BMS, particularly in resource allocation and adaptability to transient conditions. However, the practical implementation of real-time data acquisition systems at a scale and across diverse environments remains challenging. Future research will focus on enhancing the generalizability of the model, expanding its applicability to broader datasets, and automating data ingestion to minimize integration challenges. These advancements are aimed at improving energy efficiency in both industrial and residential applications in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN.