Systematics of Ecnomiohyla tuberculosa with the description of a new species and comments on the taxonomy of Trachycephalus typhonius (Anura, Hylidae)

is an Amazonian hylid of uncertain phylogenetic position. Herein DNA sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes are used to determine its phylogenetic relationships. New sequences and external morphology of are also analyzed to assess the status of Ecuadorian and Peruvian populations. The phylogeny shows unequivocally that is nested within the genus , tribe Lophiohylini. This position was unexpected because the remaining species of belong to the tribe Hylini. To solve the paraphyly of the genus , is transferred to the genus . Comparisons of DNA sequences, external morphology, and advertisement calls between populations of from Ecuador and Peru indicate that the Peruvian population represents an undescribed species. The new species is described and a species account is provided for . is paraphyletic relative to , , and . The phylogenetic position of populations from western Ecuador indicates that they represent a species separate from . We resurrect the name ( ) for those populations. Amazonian populations of " " from Ecuador and Peru are genetically and morphologically distinct from and are conspecific with the holotype of . Therefore, we also resurrect , a decision that results in