Frequency and risk factors for bacteremia caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in patients of a public hospital in Lima, Peru

A cross-sectional study was conducted aimed at determining the frequency and the risk factors for bacteremia caused by extended-spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in patients hospitalized in a public hospital in Lima. The study included patients over 14 years of age, with positive blood cultures during their hospitalization in Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia in 2016. Patients were classified according to the isolated bacterium (ESBL-producing or not). Bacteremia was caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriacea in 50.6% of the cases; 55.8% and 32.6% by E. Coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively. No differences were found regarding co-morbidity, or prior antibiotic use (62.8% of bacteremia due to ESBLproducing strains and 57% in the non-producing strains [p=0.595]). Half of the bacteremia cases due to Enterobacteriaceae in hospitalized patients are produced by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and, of these, 40% are acquired in the community.