From human cohorts to plant cohorts: The potential of plants in epidemiological studies

•Taking plants as participants in a cohort study, "plant cohort" is introduced.•Data from plant cohorts would facilitate the studies on environment and human health.•While the idea of a plant cohort is intuitive, numerous uncertainties persist. Cohort studies are traditionally focused on human participants. The emergence of the “Planetary Health” and “One Health” paradigms has expanded the scope of cohort studies to include animal participants. Despite this, plants remain largely overlooked in traditional biomedical research. This gap prompts the introduction of the concept of a “plant cohort,” which involves treating plants as participants in cohort studies. By collecting comprehensive data on plant characteristics and biosamples, plant cohorts may assist in enhancing our understanding of the interactions between plants, ecosystems, and human health. However, establishing plant cohorts presents unique challenges, including interdisciplinary collaboration and data collection methods. Nonetheless, the potential contribution of plant cohorts to environmental health and human well-being may warrant further exploration and research.