Frequency of metabolic syndrome components in patients with ischemic heart disease

Introduction. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disorders that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study is to determine the frequency of certain metabolic syndrome components by applying International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria prior to and after diagnosing ischemic heart disease. Methods. In a retrospective-prospective study, risk factors for metabolic syndrome prior to and after the ischemic heart disease were analyzed. The sample included 107 patients suffering from ischemic heart disease. All patients with ischemic heart disease treated in the Primary Healthcare Centre Laktaši (Bosnia and Herzegovina) from 1st January 2010 to 30th November 2015 were included in the study. The patients were diagnosed with the ischemic heart disease by cardiology examination, ergometric testing and coronagraphy. All patients were subjected to anthropometric and blood pressure measurement and their blood samples were taken after 12 hours of being famished in order to determine the glucose and lipid levels. Results. After cardiovascular event a statictically significant decrease in the number of patients with increased body mass index (46 vs. 38, p < 0.001), increased levels of triglycerides (53 vs. 37, p < 0.001), low levels of HDL cholesterol (31 vs. 30, p = 0.100), increased systolic blood pressure (77 vs. 23, p = 0.004) was registered. Statistically significant increase in the number of patients with central obesity (61 vs. 92, p < 0.001), increased fasting blood glucose (68 vs. 73, p < 0.001), as well as those receiving pharmacotherapy for hypertension (49 vs. 90, p = 0.002) and diabetes (14 vs. 24, p < 0.001) was recorded. Conclusion. After diagnosing ischemic heart disease, the majority of metabolic syndrome parameters were reduced by applying pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. Family physicians have an important role in an early identification of patients with metabolic syndrome as well as in the prevention of ischemic heart disease.