Unsupervised Flame Segmentation Method Based on GK-RGB in Complex Background

Fires are disastrous events with significant negative impacts on both people and the environment. Thus, timely and accurate fire detection and firefighting operations are crucial for social development and ecological protection. In order to segment the flame accurately, this paper proposes the GK-RGB unsupervised flame segmentation method. In this method, RGB segmentation is used as the central algorithm to extract flame features. Additionally, a Gaussian filtering method is applied to remove noise interference from the image. Moreover, K-means mean clustering is employed to address incomplete flame segmentation caused by flame colours falling outside the fixed threshold. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves excellent results on four flame images with different backgrounds at different time periods: Accuracy: 97.71%, IOU: 81.34%, and F1-score: 89.61%. Compared with other methods, GK-RGB has higher segmentation accuracy and is more suitable for the detection of fire. Therefore, the method proposed in this paper helps the application of firefighting and provides a new reference value for the detection and identification of fires.