Recent outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease in Botswana and Zimbabwe

Preventing the spread of FMD is based on various interventions that attempt to minimize the contact between infected and not infected animals and restrict the movement of possible virus carriers. Such measures have proven to be highly effective when adhered to. The recent outbreaks of FMD in Botswana and Zimbabwe are examples of the need for a swift and integrated approach when such an outbreak occurs. This approach is based on clinical inspection of animals (game and domestic) at risk to identify infected animals, the identification of the index case(s), strict movement controls, vaccination and slaughter. Such interventions can prevent the spread of the disease but are logistically, financially and sometimes politically very demanding. Failure to implement such control measures may result in the rapid spread of the disease and considerable economic loss.