The professional development of workers and enterprises' competitive advantage

This work focuses on career management. Based on life-cycle, organizational and directional-pattern perspectives of careers, a career development model is introduced. The actions that companies can take to help employees deal with these developmental tasks are highlighted. For career planning to be successful, employees, managers, and the company must all be actively involved. Finally, current career development issues including orientation and socialization, plateauing, dual career ladders, skill obsolescence, balancing work and family, job loss, and retirement are presented.