Numerical investigation of the effect of fluid nanohybrid type and volume concentration of fluid on heat transfer and pressure drop in spiral double tube heat exchanger equipped with innovative conical turbulator

Spiral heat exchangers in the heat transfer field have attracted researchers' attention due to their better heat transfer characteristics. This review discusses the increase in efficiency of this type of converter. to better understand the efficiency of the intended spiral exchanger, thermal efficiency (performance evaluation criteria) was chosen as the performance index in the present work, and the simulations were carried out in a calm regime (200