What will it take to implement health and health-related sustainable development goals?

Equity is being promoted by improving health service access for disadvantaged populations through UHC and especially, social insurance schemes but the overall evidence on successful approaches for equity promotion at scale and implementation at subnational level is limited. Table 1 summarises the two measures of HHSDGs in place and their comparison.Table 1 Health and health-related SDG indicators—WHO vs IHME reporting S no SDG target Indicator WHO/SDG report IHME estimates Variations/gaps 1 2.2 Child stunting 22.2 28.7 – 2 2.2 Child wasting 7.5 8.0 – 3 2.2 Child overweight 5.6 15.9 WHO measures for under-five while IHME measures for 2–4 years age group 4 3.1 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 livebirths) 216 145 – 5 3.1 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 78 80.1 WHO figure from 2017 report as not reported in 2018. 6 3.2 Neonatal mortality (per 1000 livebirths) 18.6 18.6 – 7 3.2 Under-five mortality (per 1000 livebirths) 40.8 43.3 – 8 3.3 HIV incidence (new HIV infections per 1000 uninfected population) 0.26 0.3 – 9 3.3 Tuberculosis incidence (per 100 000 population) 140 139.6 – 10 3.3 Malaria incidence 90.8 31.8 WHO measures malaria incidence per 1000 at-risk population, while IHME measures age-standardised rate of cases per 1000 population 11 3.3 Hepatitis B incidence 1.30 2123.8 WHO measures HBsAg prevalence in children under-five (%) while IHME measures age-standardised rate of incidence/100 000 12 3.3 Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) 1 499 735 642 24 WHO reports number of people requiring interventions against NTDs while IHME reports age-standardised prevalence of the sum of 15 NTDs (%) 13 3.4 NCD mortality 18.3 382.7 WHO measures probability of dying from any of CVD, cancer, diabetes, CRD between age 30 years and exact age 70 years (%) while IHME reports age-standardised death rate due to CVD, cancer, diabetes and CRD in age 30–70 years per 100 000 population 14 3.4 Suicide mortality rate (per 100 000 population) 10.6 10.0 – 15 3.5 Alcohol use 6.4 11.6 WHO reports total alcohol per capita (≥15 years of age) consumption (litres of pure alcohol) while IHME measures risk-weighted prevalence of alcohol consumption as measured by the summary exposure value or alcohol use 16 3.6 Road traffic mortality (per 100 000) 17.4 16.1 – 17 3.7 Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women) 43.9 21.7 WHO measures in women aged 15–19 years while IHME measures in those 10–19 years of age 18 3.7 Family planning coverage (proportion of married or in-union WR