Chemical Constituents from the Flowers of Carthamus tinctorius L. and Their Lung Protective Activity

A new flavonoid, saffloflavanside ( ), a new sesquiterpene, safflomegastigside ( ), and a new amide, saffloamide ( ), together with twenty-two known compounds ( - ), were isolated from the flowers of L. Their structures were determined based on interpretation of their spectroscopic data and comparison with those reported in the literature. The protective effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated damage on human normal lung epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells of the compounds were evaluated using MTT assay and cellular immunofluorescence assay. The results showed that compounds - , - , and - exhibited protective effects against LPS-induced damage to BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, compounds - , - , and - can significantly downregulate the level of nuclear translocation of NF-κB p-p65. In summary, this study revealed chemical constituents with lung protective activity from , which may be developed as a drug for the treatment of lung injury.