Anaesthetic management of a patient with a sacral nerve stimulator or sacral neuromodulation

The implant of SNS is a minimally invasive surgical procedure and consists of (1) a testing evaluation interval and (2) a second stage with permanent stimulator implantation, provided the testing interval results are clinically successful. [4] It would be reasonable to first determine the brand and model of SNS, and then obtain the appropriate manual to review magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatibility before scheduling these patients for MRI studies. [...]SNS is being used increasingly in patients with bowel and bladder voiding dysfunctions.