Technologies for detecting and monitoring drivers' states: A systematic review

Driver fatigue or drowsiness detection techniques can significantly enhance road safety measures and reduce traffic accidents. These approaches used different sensor technologies to acquire the human physiological and behavioral characteristics to investigate the driver's vigilance state. Although the driver's vigilance detection technique has attracted significant interest recently, few studies have been conducted to review it systematically. These studies provide a thorough overview of the most advanced driver vigilance detection method available today in terms of sensor technology for scholars and specialists. This research is geared towards achieving three main objectives. Firstly, it aims to systematically gather, evaluate, and synthesize information from previous research published between 2014 and May 2024 on driver's state and driving sensors and their implementation on detection algorithms. It aims to provide a thorough review of the present state of research on wearable and unwearable sensor technology for driver fatigue detection, focusing on reporting experimental results in this field. This information will be necessary for experts and scientists seeking to advance their knowledge in this field. Lastly, the research aims to identify gaps in knowledge that require further investigation and recommend future research directions to help address these gaps. This way, it will contribute to the advancement of the field and provide beneficial insights for future researchers. [Display omitted] •A reliable assessment of the driver's fatigue levels is vital for preventing accidents and ensuring road safety.•Advanced approaches were used to assess the driver's state via wearable and Unwearable biosensors.•Various sensing approaches implemented in the literature were investigated.•Limitations and future directions were emphasized to enhance driving monitoring technology and improve road safety.