Comparing monopharmacotherapy of antiarrhythmic and anticoagulant drugs with other drugs for atrial fibrillation: A complete review of clinical trials

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a life-changing and life-threatening cardiac electropathological condition, especially in patients with prior history of cardiovascular diseases. This multifaceted condition is one of the top 5 leading causes of cardiovascular death with a rapidly increasing prevalence and death rate. From inception till now, numerous clinical trials have been conducted to explore novel therapeutic targets and strategies along with pre-existing treatments for patients suffering from atrial fibrillation. The pharmacotherapy approach to treat AF (acute, chronic, persistent, paroxysmal, non-valvular, nonrheumatic, and rapid) comprises mainly antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) and anticoagulant drugs (ACD) for rate and rhythm control along with the prevention of strokes. This narrative review aims to discuss monotherapeutic clinical trials that compared AADs (class II: carvedilol and xamoterol; class III: amiodarone; class IV: verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine) and ACDs (vitamin K antagonist: warfarin; factor Xa inhibitor: apixaban; factor IIa and Xa inhibitor: heparin) with cardiac glycoside (digoxin), angiotensin II receptor antagonist (telmisartan), platelet inhibitor (indobufen), anti-convulsant (magnesium sulfate), anti-inflammatory (aspirin), and antipyretic drugs (aspirin) to treat various types of AF in patients with a diverse history of cardiovascular diseases. This study provides a review of all clinical trials on this topic and provides a comparative chart for healthcare professionals to determine the best-suited treatment for their patients.