Paleowind Directions over the Tarim Block during the Mesoproterozoic, Northwestern China

The Tarim Block is an ancient plate with a basement of ancient continental crust, which has been separated from the Rodinia supercontinent since the Neoproterozoic. During the Neoproterozoic, which lasted nearly 500 Myr, this block experienced significant evolutionary processes, such as proliferation, radioactive decay of elements, and gradual cooling and solidification. The investigation of Neoproterozoic paleogeography may shed light on the evolution of these geological events. In order to realize this potential, this study aimed to infer paleowind directions over the Tarim Block during each epoch of the Cryogenian–Ediacaran and to constrain the paleogeographic location of the Tarim Block. To this end, outcrop magnetic fabric data were employed to analyze the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility within the Tarim Block. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility measurements yielded mean paleowind directions of 308° ± 69°, 277° ± 78°, and 256° ± 76° from the present north for the Early, Middle, and Late Cryogenian, respectively; the corresponding values for the Early and Late Ediacaran were 237° ± 77° and 254° ± 73° from the present north, respectively. Considering the rotation relationship of the Tarim Block from the Neoproterozoic to the present, the paleowind directions during the Early, Middle, and Late Cryogenian were ~55°, ~35°, and ~35° from the paleo-north, respectively. The paleowind directions during the Early and Late Ediacaran were ~35° and ~60° from paleo-north, respectively. By referring to the correspondence between the paleowind directions over the Tarim Block and trade winds in the Northern Hemisphere, this study provides evidence for the location of the Tarim Block during the Cryogenian–Ediacaran. The main contributions of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) paleowind patterns are established through the analysis of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility; (2) the paleogeographic location of the Tarim Block during the Cryogenian–Ediacaran is constrained; and (3) a reference for further study of the paleogeography of the Tarim Block during the Cryogenian–Ediacaran is provided.