The Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Penthe kochi (Coleoptera: Tetratomidae) with Its Phylogenetic Implications

To explore the mitogenome characteristics of Tetratomidae and the phylogenetic position of this family in Tenebrionoidea, the mitogenome of Mařan, 1940 was sequenced, annotated, and analyzed. The mitogenome is consistent with Tenebrionoidea species in gene length, genomic organization, codon usage, and secondary structures of transfer genes (tRNAs). Most protein-coding genes (PCGs) originate with a typical ATN start codon, except and which start with TTG. In total, 10 PCGs are terminated with complete stop codon TAA and TAG, while , , and contain an incomplete stop codon T-. Among the 13 PCGs, (Pi = 0.282) has the most diverse nucleotide composition, and is the most conserved gene with the lowest value (Pi = 0.154). The Ka/Ks ratio of (0.076) and (0.124) has a lower value. All the tRNAs can be folded in a typical clover-leaf secondary structure, except , which lacked a dihydrouridine arm. And phylogenetic analyses were performed based on 13 PCGs using the Bayesian inference (BI) method. The results showed that the clade of Tenebrionoidea was well separated from the outgroups, and Tetratomidae and Mycetophagidae were not well resolved. Phylogenetic analyses with more mitogenome samplings are needed to resolve the phylogeny of Tenebrionoidea.