Improved Understanding of Interactions between Risk Factors for Child Obesity May Lead to Better Designed Prevention Policies and Programs in Indonesia

The nutrition transition in low-middle income countries is marked by rising intakes of highly caloric, low nutrient-dense (junk) foods, decreasing intakes of fruits and vegetables, and sedentary behavior. The objective of this study was to explore interactions among fruit-and-vegetable intake, junk food energy intake, sedentary behavior, and obesity in Indonesian children. We conducted this school-based, case-control study in 2013 in Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia. The cases were 244 obese children aged 7-12 years having a BMI >95th percentile of an age- and sex-specific distribution from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The controls ( = 244) were classroom-matched children with a BMI