Optimizing PD-L1/PD-1 therapies: Immune checkpoint inhibitors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

•Mechanistic Insights: This article delves into the molecular mechanisms of PD-L1 and PD-1 interactions, elucidating how these immune checkpoints regulate T-cell activity in the tumor microenvironment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.•Therapeutic Strategies: It discusses various strategies for optimizing PD-L1/PD-1 therapies, including combination therapies with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other immunotherapeutic agents to enhance efficacy and overcome resistance.•Clinical Outcomes: The review evaluates clinical trial data and real-world outcomes of PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, highlighting the potential for improved survival rates and quality of life for patients.•Future Directions: It outlines emerging biomarkers and personalized approaches for patient selection, aiming to maximize the benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma.