LAI-indicated vegetation dynamic in ecologically fragile region: A case study in the Three-North Shelter Forest program region of China

[Display omitted] •LAI is used to re-evaluate the vegetation dynamics in an ecologically fragile region of China (TNSFP region)•Forest Cover in TNSFP region has increased while grassland region has declined.•LAI increased greatly in grassland region. The Three-North Shelter Forest Program (TNSFP) region of China is an important ecological region covering more than 42.4% of China’s land area. Several ecological restoration projects have been implemented in this region, but evaluation work is relatively limited partly due to the selection of suitable remote sensing products. In this study, leaf area index is proposed as a suitable indicator to evaluate the ecological restoration situation as it is an indicator reflects the growth of green vegetations. The Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) LAI dataset and land cover dataset from 2000 to 2015 were adopted and analyzed in this study. The forest cover area slightly increased, while the grassland area decreased. Although large-scale forestation movements were carried out across the entire TNSFP region, the forest growth conditions mainly improved in regions with an annual precipitation greater than 400 mm. Furthermore, LAI-precipitation correlations were very high (r greater than 0.6) in the regions across 400 mm isohyets, but lower (r