Suitability of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Fetal Umbilical Cord (Wharton's Jelly) as an Alternative In Vitro Model for Acute Drug Toxicity Screening

Preclinical toxicity screening is the first and most crucial test that assesses the safety of new candidate drugs before their consideration for further evaluation in clinical trials. In vitro drug screening using stem cells has lately arisen as a promising alternative to the "gold standard" of animal testing, but their suitability and performance characteristics in toxicological studies have so far not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we focused on the evaluation of human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the matrix (Wharton's jelly) of fetal umbilical cord (WJSCs), which bear enhanced in vitro applicability due to their unique biological characteristics. In order to determine their suitability for drug-related cytotoxicity assessment, we adopted a high-throughput methodology that evaluated their sensitivity to a selected panel of chemicals in different culture environments. Cytotoxicity was measured within 48 h by means of MTS and/or NRU viability assays, and was compared directly (in vitro) or indirectly (in silico) to adult human mesenchymal stem cells and to reference cell lines of human and murine origin. Our data clearly suggest that human WJSCs can serve as a robust in vitro alternative for acute drug toxicity screening by uniquely combining rapid and versatile assay setup with high-throughput analysis, good representation of human toxicology, high reproducibility, and low cost.