Congenital Unilateral Zygomaticomaxillomandibular Fusion in a 4-year-old Girl

Congenital zygomaticomaxillomandibular (ZMM) fusion is an extremely rare and debilitating condition. Fusion of the jaws results in a severe limitation of the mouth opening accompanied by breathing and feeding difficulties. Mandibular fusions to the maxilla, palate, zygoma, and temporal bone are described in literature. We present the case of 4-year-old girl diagnosed with congenital unilateral ZMM fusion. She was treated surgically at 1 year and at 4 and a half years to release the fusion and to improve mouth opening. Second surgery was indicated due to recurrence. Management of young patients with congenital maxillomandibular fusion is challenging. The scarcity of cases makes formulating practice guidelines very difficult. If surgery is performed, the importance of postoperative physical therapy cannot be overstated. The goal of this article is to emphasize the risk of recurrence in ZMM fusion after surgical treatment and importance of regular follow-up.