Mild temperatures on bud breaking dormancy in peaches/Temperaturas amenas na superacao da dormencia de pessegueiros

The search for low chill cultivars for peach production in areas with low chill accumulation (temperatures below 7.2°C) has stimulated studies about the higher temperatures effects on low chill cultivars. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of mild temperatures on flowering...

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Veröffentlicht in:Ciência rural 2009-10, Vol.39 (7), p.2016-2021
Hauptverfasser: Chavarria, Geraldo, Herter, Flavio Gilberto, Raseira, Maria do Carmo Bassols, Rodrigues, Alexandre Couto, Reisser, Carlos, da Silva, Joao Baptista
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Sprache:eng ; spa
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Zusammenfassung:The search for low chill cultivars for peach production in areas with low chill accumulation (temperatures below 7.2°C) has stimulated studies about the higher temperatures effects on low chill cultivars. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of mild temperatures on flowering and leafing of 'Turmalina' and 'Agata' cultivars with low and medium low chilling requirements, respectively. Plants obtained by grafting flower twigs in the autumn, after the grafting, were submitted to chilling treatments (150, 250, 350, 500 and 672 hours) at three temperature levels (5°C, 10°C and 15°C). After the end of the treatments, the plants had been taken to greenhouse (20°C ± 5°C) and evaluated weekly. The results showed that satisfactory flower and leaf development occur even at temperatures as high as 15°C for a period of 150 hours, in 'Turmalina' peach. Temperatures of 10°C for a period equal or superior to 350 hours promote satisfactory leafing in 'Agata' peach. Temperatures of 10°C and 15°C cause earlier development of flowers and leaves in both cultivars when compared to 5°C. Key words: chilling requirement, dormancy, winter, budbreak. A busca por cultivares pessegueiro com baixa necessidade em frio para regioes com pouco acumulo de frio (temperaturas abaixo de 7,2[degre]C) tem estimulado estudos sobre o efeito de altas temperaturas sobre cultivares de baixa necessidade de frio. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influencia de temperaturas amenas na floracao e brotacao da 'Turmalina' e 'Agata', duas cultivares com baixa e media necessidade de frio, respectivamente. Plantas obtidas por enxertia no outono foram submetidas a tratamentos de frio (150, 250, 350, 500 e 672 horas) em tres niveis de temperatura (5[degre]C, 10[degre]C e 15[degre]C). Apos os tratamentos, estas plantas foram colocadas em casa de vegetacao a temperatura de 20[degre]C[+ ou -]5[degre]C e avaliadas semanalmente. Conclui-se que temperatura de ate 15[degre]C por um periodo de 150 horas e capaz de resultar em floracao e brotacao satisfatorias para a cultivar 'Turmalina'. Temperaturas de 10[degre]C por um periodo igual ou superior a 350 horas promovem brotacao satisfatoria na cultivar 'Agata'. Temperaturas de 10[degre]C e 15[degre]C comparadas a 5[degre]C causam antecipacao da floracao e brotacao e ambas cultivares. Palavras-chave: necessidade de frio, dormencia, inverno, brotacao.
ISSN:0103-8478
1678-4596
DOI:10.1590/S0103-84782009000700010