Systematic analysis and functional characterization of the chitinase gene family in Fagopyrum tataricum under salt stress

Chitinases (CHIs) are glycosidases that degrade chitin, playing critical roles in plant responses to both abiotic and biotic stress. Despite their importance, the CHI family's systematic analysis and evolutionary pattern in F. tataricum (Tartary buckwheat) yet to be explored. This study analyzed their phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, gene structures, syntenic relationships, physiological functions, and biochemical properties. This research identified 26 FtCHIs and examined their expression patterns under different salt stress conditions and across various tissues. Differential expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of multiple FtCHIs in response to salt stress, which RT-qPCR further validated. Additionally, subcellular localization experiments demonstrated that Ft_chitinaseIV-2 is localized in vacuoles. The results of transient·transformation showed that·overexpression of Ft_chitinaseIV-2 could·enhance the salt tolerance of plants. The findings provide new insights into the role of CHIs in stress tolerance and lay the groundwork for future research on the functional characterization of FtCHIs. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of CHI-mediated stress responses could contribute to developing stress-resistant crops.