Comparing quality of life in traditional face-to-face visits with a hybrid approach of telemedicine with in-person follow-ups in recent users of advanced closed-loop systems: a randomized controlled clinical trial in patients with type 1 diabetes

Our objective was to assess the effect of a hybrid telemedicine approach, in conjunction with face-to-face follow-up, on the quality of life in recent users of an advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) system. A 1-year open randomized (1:1) clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04900636). Participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D) recent users of an AHCL system (Minimed 780G) for at least 2-6 months, and ⩾18 years old were eligible. The primary outcome was the change in quality of life measured by the Type 1 Diabetes Life (ViDa1) Questionnaire from baseline to 12 months of hybrid telemedicine plus face-to-face follow-up compared to standard clinical practice. Additionally, impacts on A levels, glucose metrics, advert events, and safety outcomes were assessed. Between January and December 2021, 46 participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the hybrid telemedicine group ( = 23) or the control group ( = 23); 45 participants completed the study, with only 1 from the control group withdrawing before visit 3. At baseline, mean age was 37 ± 15 years and A was 6.9 ± 0.5%. After 12 months, no statistically significant differences in ViDa1 scores between groups were observed. Despite reducing in-person visits in the hybrid follow-up arm, there were no increases in adverse events. Overall, A levels significantly decreased from 6.9 ± 0.5% at baseline to 6.7 ± 0.5% after 12 months ( = 0.006) without differences between treatment arms, accompanied by reductions in glycemic variability and time below the target range. Our study suggests that there were no significant differences in ViDa1 scores between the two groups at the end of the follow-up. However, among adult patients with T1D who recently adopted an AHCL system, satisfactory glycemic control can be attained through a hybrid follow-up approach, reducing face-to-face visits, without increasing technical complications.