Lake Water Quality Assessment Based on Multispectral Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images and In-Situ Testing

In recent years, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia has experienced several developments in buildings and road construction. A stormwater retention pond was built as a part of the construction plan to prevent the occurrence of floods downstream of the development sites. However, poor monitoring and maintenance of the pond caused water contamination, which had bad effects on the nearby environment and lake ecosystem. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the current water quality in the pond by using a combination between Multispectral Unmanned Aerial Vehicle images and in-situ sampling. Four water quality parameters were investigated, namely turbidity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH. Aerial images were taken using a multispectral aerial mapping camera attached to UAV. The in-situ testing was performed on the same day of image capturing at 5 different locations. According to the results, it was found that the pH and water temperature were within the normal levels with maximum and minimum values of 7.34 and 6.94 for pH and 28.39oC and 28.04oC for temperature, respectively. Turbidity readings appaired with a significant variation with a maximum value of 30.9 NTU at the lake outlet and a minimum value of 18.8 NTU at the middle of the lake. Dissolved oxygen concentration was noticed to be low, with an average value of 4.3 mg/l. Water quality mapping showed the concentration distribution of each water quality parameter along the lake surface. In each map, the differences in terms of colours were found to be not significant because of the size of the lake, which is relatively small, as well as because of the small differences in terms of water quality ridings at each sampling point.