Impact of the number of modifiable risk factors on clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: An analysis from the e-Ultimaster registry

•Hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and smoking are cardiovascular risk factors.•These risk factors are modifiable and can be treated.•The number of risk factors is associated with the risk for an event after stenting.•It remains important to optimize the treatment of risk factors. A substantial proportion of the patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have none of the of standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs): hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and smoking. The aim of this analysis was to compare clinical outcomes after PCI according to the number of SMuRFs. Patients with an indication for a PCI were stratified based upon the number of SMuRFs: 0, 1, 2 or 3–4. The primary outcome was target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, target vessel-related myocardial infarction or clinically driven target lesion revascularization at 1-year. Inverse weighted propensity score (IWPS) adjustment was performed to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics. The prevalence of SMuRFs was: 0 SMuRF 16.4 %; 1 SMuRF 27.8 %; 2 SMuRFs 34.7 % and 3–4 SMuRFs 21.1 %. Patients without SMuRFs were younger, more likely to be male and had less complex coronary artery disease. The incidence of TLF increased with the number of SMuRFs: 2.65 %, 2.75 %, 3.23 %, and 4.24 %, Ptrend