Zafirlukast ameliorates lipopolysaccharide and bleomycin-induced lung inflammation in mice

Acute lung injury (ALI) is the result of damage to the capillary endothelia and the alveolar epithelial cell caused by various direct and indirect factors, leading to significant pulmonary interstitial and alveolar edema and acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency. A subset of ALI cases progresses to irreversible pulmonary fibrosis, a condition with fatal implications. Zafirlukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist licensed for asthma prevention and long-term treatment. This study demonstrated a significant improvement in lung tissue pathology and a reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration in models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung inflammation following zafirlukast administration, both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, zafirlukast was found to suppress the inflammatory response of alveolar epithelial cells in vitro and lung inflammation in vivo by reducing the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. In conclusion, zafirlukast relieved lung injury and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.