Lung microbiota: Unexploited treasure hidden in the immune microenvironment of lung cancer

With extensive research on the mechanism of lung cancer occurrence, studies have discovered that the development and progression of cancer are associated with the failure of immune surveillance. [...]new treatments have emerged as a practical option for patients diagnosed with advanced lung cancer. Because of the extensive exposure of the lung to external environment, it is a critical site of immune–microbiota interaction and exists in homeostasis maintained by lung-resident immune cells. According to the results of the joint analysis, it was confirmed that the diversity of lung flora is associated with multiple immune cell immersion (Figure 1a). [...]whether or not bacteria play a causal role in tumorigenesis, it is necessary to explore the influence of intratumor bacteria on the different cancer phenotypes, immune system, and its interactions with tumor cells. [...]with the establishment of more extensive studies, both in animal models and patient lung tissues, it is still essential to validate these findings and to gain a more profound knowledge of the composition of lung microbiota and their roles in lung cancer.