Comparison of the Medial And Lateral Rotations of the Shoulder Between Non-Athletes and Professional Squash Athletes

To compare the medial and lateral rotations of the shoulders and the distances between the coracoid process and the cubital fossa of non-athletic individuals to those of elite squash players. The cross-sectional study was performed between March and August 2017. Male and female non-athletes ( = 628) were selected at the Orthopedic Emergency Service of our institution. The inclusion criteria were: age between 18 and 60 years, no physical disabilities or cognitive impairments and absence of pain in the upper limbs. Elite squash players ( = 30) of various nationalities were selected at an event held in our city. All of the athletes had practiced this sport under high performance requirements for > 10 years and/or 10.000 hours, and all were asymptomatic. Demographic and clinical data were collected through interviews, while physical examinations and shoulder assessments were performed by a single orthopedic practitioner. If compared with non-athletes, elite squash players presented significant (