Formulation development of sunscreen lotion containing jackfruit starch and the lotion acceptance evaluation in volunteers

In present study, a 23 full factorial design was used for optimization of the sunscreen lotions containing mucilage from jackfruit (JK), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) and Carbopol 940 as the thickening agents. The optimized sunscreen lotion containing JK, control and benchmark product were tested for acceptance by 44 volunteers using randomized controlled study. To optimize the formulation, the changes of physical properties before and after freeze-thaw cycling of sunscreen lotion, which were pH, conductivity, viscosity as well as stability of emulsions, were investigated. It was found that any formulation containing SCMC was unstable. After undergoing 6 freeze-thaw cycles, pH and conductivity of all formulations had changed but with no significant difference. In addition, the viscosity of all formulations increased after 6 cycles. The formulation containing low and high levels of JK as well as containing JK in combination with Carbopol 940 showed a good signs of emulsion stability. In conclusion, the formulation containing high levels of JK in combination with Carbopol 940 exhibited the greatest physical stability of lotion. Using JK alone in formula gave a stable physical properties and good texture but the viscosity of the lotion was practically low. As a result, in order to obtain the stable lotion and high viscosity, it is important to use in combination with other viscosity-inducing agents. When the lotion containing JK alone was tested for acceptance in volunteers, it was found that the JK lotion texture and odor needed to be improved. However, its penetration, stickiness and moisturizing properties, as well as its feeling after use, were acceptable more or less the same as the benchmark product.