Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria Isolated from Patients Hospitalized in Imam Khomeini and Burn Hospitals in Ahvaz City, Iran

Background and Objectives: In recent years the emergence of antibiotic resistance has a high prevalence, so that it has become one of the complexities in modern medicine. This study was performed with the aim of evaluating the bacteria isolated from clinical samples of the patients with various infections and estimating the prevalence of various bacteria and also antibiotic resistance pattern. Methods: At first, culture was prepared from wounds of the patients with nosocomial infection in Imam Khomeini and Burn hospitals in 2008-2009. Then, after isolation of bacteria, antibiotic susceptibility was determined using antibiotic discs. Data were analyzed using statistical tests (ratio) at the significance level of p≤0.05. Results: Levels of antibiotic resistance and susceptibility in microorganisms isolated from 403 various samples included: Pneumococcus (2.2%), coagulase-positive (4%) and coagulase-negative (21.3%) Staphylococci , Pseudomonas (18.9%), Klebsiella (25.6%), Escherichia coli (26.8%), Shigella (1%), and proteus (0.2%). Among them, isolated klebsiellas showed various susceptibilities to different antibiotics. The most resistance was obsereved in coagulase-positive Staphylococci to cloxacillin, so that 80% of coagulase-positive Staphylococci were resistant to cloxacillin. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, and considering the possibility of transferring resistance genes to other bacteria, it is necessary that health care authorities pay more attention to planning, monitoring of control of nosocomial infections, and application of appropriate and effective treatment protocols in order to elimination of multidrug resistant microorganism. Also, limitation of the prescription of multidrug resistant antibiotics seems to be of main requirements of treatment protocols.