Genetic variability and diversity of corn breeding material originating from domestic and foreign populations determined on the basis of biochemical-genetical markers

Isozymes can serve as genetic markers and their number should be large enough in order to make the coverage of genomes as complete as possible and in order to use these methods for gene marking for required agronomic traits. These markers are the products of 21 mapped genes, which is relatively reliable number for their application in mapping for certain agronomic traits. Genetic variability and diversity are significant for populations and for selfpolinated lines as basic material in breeding and creation of new corn hybrids. For that reason, several groups of corn populations of different origin were analyzed. Two groups of Yugoslav populations, Italian, Portuguese and French collections were assessed on the basis of detected alleles of 21 loci and standard genetic distances between genotypes. Yugoslav corn collections had shown high heterozygosity, on the basis of isozymes as gene markers. Genetic diversity of Italian populations was pronounced on the basis of some loci, and the Portuguese populations had more polymorphic and more heterozygous loci than French populations Inter-genetic variability between populations and their geographical location are very important in breeding crops for creation of heterosis. Izoenzimi se koriste kao genetski markeri, a njihov broj treba da bude dovoljno velik da bi pokrivenost genoma bila sto veca i kao takvi su markeri gena za trazena agronomska svojstva. Upotrebljeni markeri su proizvodi 21 mapiranog gena, sto predstavlja relativno pouzdan broj za tumacenje genetske osnove odredjenih osobina genotipa. Genetska varijabilnost i divergentnost su znacajne za populacije i samooplodne linije, kao osnovni materijal u selekciji i stvaranju novih hibrida kukuruza. Iz tog razloga analizirano je nekoliko grupa populacija kukuruza razlicitog porekla. Dve grupe jugoslovenskih populacija, italijanska, portugalska i francuska kolekcija bile su ocenjene na osnovu alelne varijabilnosti za 21 lokus i standardne genetske udaljenosti unutar svake populacije. Jugoslovenske kolekcije kukuruza su pokazale visoku heterogenost na bazi izoenzima kao gen. markera Genetska divergentnost italijanske kolekcije je naglasena na bazi nekih lokusa, a portugalska je imala vise polimorfnih i heterozigotnih lokusa od francuske kolekcije, sto znaci veci potencijal genetske varijabilnosti Inter-genetska varijabilnost izmedju populacija i njihove geografske lokacije veoma su znacajan uslov u selekciji biljnih vrsta i njihov heterozis.