Clinical presentation, risk factors and pathogens involved in bacteriuria of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of 3 hospitals in a developing country: a cross sectional analytic study

Pregnancy increases the risk of recurrent bacteriuria and acute pyelonephritis which is associated with significant maternal and fetal risks. The prevalence of bacteriuria varies worldwide. Clinical diagnosis is challenging since it is usually mistaken for normal physiological changes during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence, clinical presentation, risk factors and microorganism responsible for bacteriuria in pregnant women of Douala city, Cameroun. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 hospitals of Douala from January to April 2015. We consecutively recruited all consented pregnant women aged 18 years and above attending antenatal clinics. Socio-demographic characteristics, medical and obstetrical past history, clinical signs and obstetric characteristics of the index pregnancy were collected. Thereafter, urine were collected aseptically and subjected to routine macroscopy, microscopy examination and culture. The culture was obtained by inoculation of 10 μl of urine on the appropriate medium. Identification of pathogens was done automatically using the VITEK2™ (BioMérieux- France). Data were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 18. Statistics were descriptive and analytic; Odds ratios were calculated. Associations between variables and bacteriuria were conducted using the Chi squared test and the fisher exact probability. Associations with p-values