Evaluating the Prognostic Role of Monocytopenia in Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia Patients Treated with Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

Chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia is a common and serious oncological emergency which carries a substantial mortality and morbidity. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the usage of absolute monocyte count (AMC) at presentation as a prognostic factor for patients with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia who were subsequently treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The electronic medical records of our center were used retrospectively to identify patients diagnosed with unprecedented chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia treated with G-CSF between January 2010 to December 2020 and diagnosed with solid and hematological malignancies. Patient's demographics, disease characteristics and laboratory investigations were extracted. Disease progression measures were statistically compared between the study groups in the short-term period of follow-up (six days) including absolute neutrophil count (ANC), ANC difference compared to the baseline readings, hospitalization period, and mortality. A total of 80 patients were identified and categorized into two groups namely monocytopenia (n = 34) and non-monocytopenia (n = 46) with an AMC cutoff point of 0.1×10 cells/L. The monocytopenia group exhibited a worse prognosis with lower ANC values and slower improvement illustrated by the low ANC difference values at all follow up points ( value ≤ 0.05) apart from day 5. A statistically significant lower hospitalization period was also observed in the non-monocytopenia group ( value = 0.006). Linear regression analysis evaluated the association between AMC values at admission and ANC values at admission along with subsequent days of follow up which were found to be statistically significant ( value ≤ 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curves suggest a satisfactory predictability of ANC changes by AMC values at admission, days1, 2, 3, 4 and 6. Monocytopenia holds a worse prognosis in chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia patients treated with G-CSF. In addition, AMC values at presentation represents a potential risk factor that can predict short-term changes regarding ANC measures.