Only under good governance does public debt improve national income: Evidence from dynamic panel threshold model for Sub-Saharan African countries

This paper aims to explore the mediating role of governance in the relationship between per capita income and public debt in Sub-Saharan Africa. From a neoclassical production function and a dynamic panel threshold model, the paper estimates a model based on a sample of 39 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa over the period of 2002 to 2019. Our results indicate a non-linear relationship between per capita income and public debt, which is influenced by the quality of governance. In particular, the impact of public debt on per capita income depends on the level of governance quality. A governance threshold is identified, showing a minimum level of good quality of governance from which public debt has a positive effect on income. Moreover, the paper identified the most critical governance dimensions for optimizing the relationship between public debt and per capita income and provided policy suggestions.