A hemispheric two-channel code accounts for binaural unmasking in humans

Sound in noise is better detected or understood if target and masking sources originate from different locations. Mammalian physiology suggests that the neurocomputational process that underlies this binaural unmasking is based on two hemispheric channels that encode interaural differences in their relative neuronal activity. Here, we introduce a mathematical formulation of the two-channel model – the complex-valued correlation coefficient. We show that this formulation quantifies the amount of temporal fluctuations in interaural differences, which we suggest underlie binaural unmasking. We applied this model to an extensive library of psychoacoustic experiments, accounting for 98% of the variance across eight studies. Combining physiological plausibility with its success in explaining behavioral data, the proposed mechanism is a significant step towards a unified understanding of binaural unmasking and the encoding of interaural differences in general. A new model for sound localization based on encoding temporal fluctuations within two hemispheric channels is capable of accounting for an extensive set of psychoacoustic experiments.