3-D forward modeling of shale gas fracturing dynamic monitoring using the borehole-to-ground transient electromagnetic method

The borehole-ground transient electromagnetic method enhances the detection range and resolution by placing the transmitter electrode within the borehole, allowing for close-proximity excitation of subsurface targets and compensating for the shortcomings of traditional ground-based methods. Utilizing an unstructured vector finite element method combined with a second-order backward Euler variable time-stepping difference scheme and the MUMPS solver, we have achieved three-dimensional forward modeling simulation of the transient electromagnetic field for a borehole-ground electric source. Based on the validation of its accuracy, we analyzed the effectiveness of this method for dynamic monitoring of shale gas reservoir fracturing. Through forward modeling, we examined the characteristics of the radial electric field response during shale gas reservoir fracturing monitoring and evaluated the effectiveness of the borehole-ground TEM method in dynamic monitoring of shale gas reservoirs. The research results indicate that this method can meet the requirements for reservoir fracturing dynamic monitoring and has a promising application prospect.