Chokeberry reduces inflammation in human preadipocytes

[Display omitted] •Chokeberry (Aronia) increases methylation at CpG site in Interleukin-6 promoter.•Chokeberry alleviates inflammation caused by palmitic acid in human preadipocytes.•Aronia reduces inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharides in human preadipocytes. Chokeberry, Aronia melanocarpa, is an indigenous fruit from North America used as food and to prevent chronic disease by Indigenous Peoples. The objective of this study was to test anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanin on palmitic acid (PA)-induced IL-6 gene expression, IL-6 DNA methylation, and histone (H3) acetylation. Additionally, we examined effects of anthocyanins Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (C3Gal) and Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) on IL-6 gene expression. Human primary pre-adipocytes were treated with chokeberry juice extract (CBE), C3Gal or C3G in the presence or absence of PA or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CBE inhibited LPS- and PA-induced IL-6 mRNA expression (p