Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) in gynecology: a case presentation and literature review

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is an important innovation in the field of minimally invasive surgery. Transvaginal NOTES (vNOTES) have gained more popularity compared to other natural transluminal orifices such as the mouth, rectum and urinary tract. Since the introduction of vNOTES, many surgeons have developed this technique in various interventions in gynecological surgery. In this work, we present a case of tubal sterilization by vNOTES technique and we try to expose the current literature review concerning the application of vNOTES in gynecological surgery. Our results showed that vNOTES had been successfully performed in a series of surgical procedures, including salpingectomy, ovarian cystectomy, myomectomy, hysterectomy, lymphadenectomy and sacrocolpopexy. Advances in technology have improved the feasibility of vNOTES and when technical limitations are overcome, wide application of vNOTES is expected to increase. Other prospective and comparative studies are necessary to clarify the application of this new technique in gynecological surgery.