Urinary concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides were related to renal tubular dysfunction and neuropsychological complaints in Dry-zone of Sri Lanka

Neonicotinoids are systemic insecticides used since the 1990’s , that possess renal tubular toxicity. We conducted a field-based descriptive study in the North Central Dry-zone of Sri Lanka, where chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown etiology has been increasing since the 1990’s. To elucidate the relationship between renal tubular dysfunctions and urinary neonicotinoids concentrations, we collected spot urine samples from15 CKD patients, 15 family members, and 62 neighbors in 2015, analyzed two renal tubular biomarkers, Cystatin-C and L-FABP, quantified seven neonicotinoids and a metabolite N -desmethyl-acetamiprid by LC–MS/MS; and we investigated their symptoms using a questionnaire. Cystatin-C and L-FABP had a positive correlation ( p 70 μg/gCre, n = 7), higher urinary concentration of dinotefuran ( p = 0.009), and in Zero Cystatin-C group (