The Evidence Effect: How Fact Boxes Shift Perceptions of Lung Cancer Screening in Austrian Medical Practice

ABSTRACT Background Recent results from the Dutch NELSON study have rekindled debates about the benefit‐to‐harm ratio of lung cancer screening and the comprehension of this by physicians. Methods This research surveyed the perception and understanding of 136 Austrian physicians regarding the advantages and risks of lung cancer screening, examining the impact of educational data visualization tools, including fact box and icon array. Physicians participated in an online survey about their understanding before and after exposure to either a fact box alone or combined with an icon array. Results The findings indicated that the fact box significantly enhanced physicians' grasp of the screening's benefits and harms, making them up to 13 times more likely to adjust their estimates within a predefined range. Notably, the intervention was more effective among physicians who initially did not recommend CT screening. However, the addition of the icon array did not offer significant improvement. Postintervention, physicians showcased better comprehension and an improved ability to offer patient‐centered advice, which may bolster adherence to lung cancer screening protocols. Outlook Despite its insights, the study's cross‐sectional nature and the unique cultural context underline the need for more research. Further exploration should focus on different settings and assess the real‐world implications on clinical practice and patient outcomes. This manuscript investigates the impact of educational visualization tools on physicians' understanding of lung cancer screening. The study surveyed 136 Austrian physicians and found that exposure to fact boxes significantly improved their comprehension of the benefits and harms of low‐dose CT screening, making them more likely to adjust their estimates accurately. However, adding an icon array did not further enhance understanding, and the study suggests the need for further research to explore the long‐term effects and applicability of these tools in different settings.