Rangelia vitalii in a free-ranging maned wolf ( Chrysocyon brachyurus ) and co-infections

An adult free-ranged female maned wolf was rescued from a periurban area subject to anthropogenic disturbances in the Minas Gerais, Brazil. The animal presented poor body condition and anemia. The clinical condition rapidly deteriorated culminating in dead and a necropsy was performed. The main gross lesions were marked anemia and blood content in the intestines accompanied by many types of parasites. The protozoa was identified by histopathological analysis predominantly within the cytoplasm of endothelial cells of capillaries of the small intestine. The lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, dermis, lungs and kidney had similar protozoal forms but with mild or moderate intensity. was confirmed by molecular assays. sp., sp., and spp., apparently not related to the clinical signs were also detected. The myriad parasites found in the intestines included nematodes ( , . ,, sp., sp., and sp.), cestodes ( sp.) and (acanthocephalans. To our knowledge, . was identified in . for the first time. These findings emphasize the fragility of Brazilian ecosystems, especially in disturbed areas, reinforcing the necessity of efforts to preserve these areas and wild carnivores, some of which are threatened with extinction, such as the maned wolf.