A New Approach to Nonlinear State Observation for Affine Control Dynamical Systems

In this work, a Nonlinear Higher Order Extended State Observer (NHOESO) is presented to replace the Linear Extended State Observer (LESO) used in Conventional Active Disturbance Rejection Control (C-ADRC) solutions. In the NHOESO, the standard LESO is completed with a two-term smooth nonlinear function with saturation-like characteristics. The proposed novel NHOESO enables precise observation of the generalized disturbances with higher-order derivatives. The stability of the NHOESO is examined with the aid of the Lyapunov method. A simulation of an uncertain nonlinear Single-Input–Single-Output (SISO) system with time-varying external disturbances confirms that the proposed NHOESO copes well with the generalized disturbance, which is not true for other ESOs.