Are the Yellow and Red Marked Club-Tail Losaria coon the Same Species?

(Fabricius, 1793) is currently comprised of ten subspecies, which were originally described under two names, and before 1909, when they were combined as one species. The main difference between them is the colour of abdomen and hindwing subterminal spots-yellow in and red in . Wing morphology, male and female genitalia, and molecular evidence (DNA barcodes) were analysed for multiple subspecies of and three other species- , , and . Our molecular data support the separation of and as two distinct species, with positioned between them in phylogenetic analyses. Wing morphology and genitalic structures also confirm the molecular conclusions. Our findings divide into two species occupying different geographic ranges: with restricted to southern Sumatra, Java, and Bawean Island, while occurs widely in regions from North India to northern Sumatra, including Hainan and Nicobar Islands. Hence, future conservation efforts must reassess the status and threat factors of the two species to form updated strategies.