Assessment of Interferon Gamma-Induced Protein 10 mRNA Release Assay for Detection of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Egyptian Pediatric Household Contacts

•Detection of latent TB infection using IP-10 RT qPCR in Egyptian children•Sensitivity and specificity of the IP-10 RT-qPCR was 85.7% and 81.8%•Positive and negative predictive values of the IP-10RT-qPCR was 85.2% and 58.3%•IP-10 mRNA may be a diagnostic marker for latent TB in Egyptian pediatric contacts Current diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) in children living in low-endemic countries are limited by low specificity and the inability of the current tests to differentiate between active TB and latent TB infection (LTBI). This study aimed to evaluate the blood IP-10 mRNA expression level to detect LTBI in Egyptian pediatric household contacts (PHC). TB-specific IP-10 and IFN-γ mRNA levels were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in 72 Egyptian PHC of active pulmonary TB cases. All study participants were also assessed by Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Quantiferon gold in tube (QFN-GIT) assay. IP-10 and IFN-γ mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in PHC with active TB or LTBI than TB negative (p < 0.0001). The level of IP-10 mRNA expression was significantly higher in PHC with active TB than LTBI (p = 0.0008). In contrast, there was no significant differences in the IFN-γ mRNA expression between PHC with active TB compared to LTBI (p = 0.49). The sensitivity and specificity of the IP-10 RT-qPCR were 94.2% and 95.2%, respectively, in PHC with active TB compared to 85.7% and 81.8% in PHC with LTBI. The negative and positive predictive values and accuracy of IP-10 RT-qPCR for distinguishing active TB from LTBI were 85.2%, 58.3%, and 72.6% respectively. Blood IP-10 mRNA expression level may be a potential diagnostic marker to help distinguish active TB from LTBI in PHC.