Experimental Infrastructure Design for Energy-Independent Car Park Building Based on Parametric Photovoltaic Facade System

The purpose of this study is to develop a new architectural model that responds to environmental pollution. The subject of this study is infrastructure buildings related to automobiles, which cause environmental pollution. Parking facilities accommodate several vehicles, necessitating the design of large-scale parking infrastructure. In this study, the parametric design of an energy-independent building was developed targeting the facade of a large-scale parking facility. As basic research for the development of the parametric design, a parking building was planned toward the optimization of parking space. Based on this basic research, a kinetic photovoltaic facade was developed to achieve optimal renewable energy generation from the perspective of eco-friendly architectural design. Energy simulation using building information modeling (BIM) on the kinetic photovoltaic system developed in this study over a period of one year resulted in the generation of a total of 692,386 kWh·year−1. The novelty of this study is the development of a kinetic photovoltaic facade that is oriented according to the optimal tilt angle every month, focusing on the infrastructure. The significance of the kinetic photovoltaic system lies in the fact that it not only maximizes the efficiency of renewable energy generation but also presents a new architectural design model.