Implementation of BIM Virtual Models in Industry for the Graphical Coordination of Engineering and Architecture Projects

Building information modeling (BIM) has traditionally been considered as a tool for the graphical representation of architectural and engineering projects. This technology has become a key instrument for the development of virtual models that simulate the constructive process and facilitate the analysis of the designed solutions to detect incidents linked to traditional bi-dimensional projects. This article focuses on the use of this technology to optimize the design of MEP (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) facilities and architecture by developing virtual BIM models. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze two experiences of complex buildings that have developed a BIM Execution Plan to improve the coordination of all disciplines involved, in order to explore how these real experiences can contribute to the implementation of the use of this technology in the construction industry. The results of the research are divided into two aspects: on the one hand, the improvements that BIM brings to the coordination and optimization of MEP facilities, linked to the typification of design incidents detected to anticipate conflicts between disciplines, facilitate collaborative design between different agents, keep graphic documentation updated and avoid execution problems and additional costs; and on the other hand, the keys to facilitating the extension of the use of this technology in the industry. Therefore, the conclusions of the research point out to the need for improvement in the automation of incident detection and the reduction in design process deadlines, as well as the need to simplify the virtual modeling process to bring it closer to unqualified personnel involved in the workflow and facilitate the implementation of this technology in the construction industry.