Perspectives of the Young Cardiovascular Surgeon

[...]in 1885 Louis Pasteur developed the anti-rabies vaccine, generating the first result of great repercussion for microbiology applied to medicine3. Cardiac surgery is a separate case Cardiac surgery had begun slowly in the 1940s, with some operations that did not require cardiopulmonary bypass, such as closure of a patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation repair and, at the end of the decade, mitral commissurotomy. Today’s Cardiac Surgery and the Medicine of the Future The enthusiasm of the fantastic knowledge of a simple mechanical pump has given the heart and its surgical correction the status of the most studied scientific area worldwide and at all times. Raymond Kurzweil, when he wrote his book The age of intelligent machines, stated that, in the future, we will all be, to some degree, cyborgs!