Thy1 marks a distinct population of slow-cycling stem cells in the mouse epidermis

The presence of distinct stem cells that maintain the interfollicular epidermis is highly debated. Here, we report a population of keratinocytes, marked by Thy1, in the basal layer of the interfollicular epidermis. We find that epidermal cells expressing differential levels of Thy1 display distinct transcriptional signatures. Thy1 + keratinocytes do not express T cell markers, express a unique transcriptional profile, cycle significantly slower than basal epidermal progenitors and display significant expansion potential in vitro. Multicolor lineage tracing analyses and mathematical modeling reveal that Thy1 + basal keratinocytes do not compete neutrally alike interfollicular progenitors and contribute long-term to both epidermal replenishment and wound repair. Importantly, ablation of Thy1 + cells strongly impairs these processes, thus indicating the non-redundant function of Thy1 + stem cells in the epidermis. Collectively, these results reveal a distinct stem cell population that plays a critical role in epidermal homeostasis and repair. Koren and Feldman et al. report a distinct population of Thy1-expressing stem cells in the basal layer of the mouse epidermis. These stem cells do not compete neutrally and contribute long-term to both epidermal replenishment and wound repair.